Harvard Military study on drug expiration dates

Drug expiration dates are the last day a manufacturer guarantees a medication's potency and safety, usually set 2-3 years post-manufacturing. However, these dates often don't reflect the actual shelf life of the drug, which can be much longer. Stability testing by the FDA usually sets expiration dates ranging from 12 to 60 months. Once opened, the original expiration date may not be reliable. "Beyond-use" dates, typically one year from the date of fill, are provided by pharmacies.

A key study by the FDA for the military found that 90% of over 100 drugs, both prescription and over-the-counter, were still effective even 15 years past their expiration dates. Exceptions may include nitroglycerin, insulin, and liquid antibiotics. Most medications maintain much of their potency over time, especially when stored in cool conditions.

While expiration dates are conservative to ensure efficacy, if a medication's expiration date has passed and 100% effectiveness is crucial, it might be wise to obtain a new bottle. Pharmacists can provide additional safety and effectiveness information for medications.

​

For vitamins and supplements, it's important to note that they are not required by the FDA to have an expiration date. However, many manufacturers voluntarily include such dates to indicate the time frame in which the product is expected to remain at optimal quality. Like medications, if stored properly, vitamins and supplements can maintain quality past these dates, but their potency might gradually decrease over time. For maximum benefit, it's advisable to consider the manufacturer's guidelines regarding expiration dates.

In both cases, whether for medications or vitamins, if the expiration date has passed and 100% effectiveness is crucial, obtaining a new bottle is recommended. Always consult a pharmacist or healthcare provider for more information about the safety and effectiveness of any drug or supplement